Digital Communication Laboratory

Fall Semester 2026–2027 · Important Information on Course Procedures

📅 Experiment Schedule

Experiments are held between October 1 – December 3, 2026 every Thursday in two sessions:
15:00–15:45 (G1–G6) · 16:00–16:45 (G7–G12)
No experiments will be held on October 29 (Republic Day) and November 19 (Midterm Exam Week). Please check your group and weekly experiment in the tables below.

⚠️ Attendance Requirement

The laboratory attendance requirement is 80%. Students who miss more than 20% of the experiments fail due to absence and cannot take the end-of-term evaluation.

📖 Preparation Report – 25%

Before coming to the experiment, you should complete your theoretical preparation thoroughly and read the experiment sheet carefully. Writing a preparation report is mandatory for every experiment; 1 report per group is sufficient. The report is prepared with the Preparation Report Cover Page and uploaded to the Google Classroom assignment of the relevant experiment before the experiment. The preparation report makes up 25% of the weekly experiment grade. Having a printout of the sheet with you during the experiment will be of great help.

🔧 Experiment Performance – 25%

Every student in the group takes an active part in the experiment and participates in the wiring and measurement tasks. Experiment performance makes up 25% of the weekly experiment grade.

📄 Experiment Report – 50%

Whether the experiment report will be a group report or an individual report is determined by the instructor who conducts the experiment; please ask your instructor. The report is uploaded to the Google Classroom assignment of the relevant experiment within 1 week after the experiment; for a group report, it is sufficient for one person from the group to upload it. Reports not submitted on time are not accepted and receive a grade of 0. The report makes up 50% of the weekly experiment grade.

📋 Report Content

Introduction of the experiment, theoretical background and calculations, procedure, measurement results, and general evaluation. If the experiment supervisor requests, simulations made with Proteus, Multisim, Eagle, etc. and a simulation–measurement–theory comparison are added.

📊 Midterm Grade

It is the average of the 8 weekly experiment grades, each consisting of the preparation report, experiment performance, and experiment report grades.

💡 Project Assignment

Each group chooses a topic from the list below or proposes its own (valid with the instructor's approval). Forming or joining a group and choosing a topic are done on the Project Groups page; the deadline is November 6, 2026. You can start the project right away; the submission date is Thursday, December 24, 2026.

🎤 Project Presentation (Oral)

Each student presents their project in working condition and answers questions. The functioning of the circuit, theoretical consistency, simulation, PCB design, and report are evaluated individually.

✍️ Final Exam (Written)

Each student explains their own project on paper, including its operating principle, circuit diagram, calculations, and measurement results. Presentation and exam dates will be announced via Classroom.

📄
Experiment Report Cover Page
Word (.docx) – download 📝
Preparation Report Cover Page
Word (.docx) – download 🎓
Google Classroom
Report submission and announcements 👥
Project Groups
Form or join a group, choose a topic

Evaluation

Weekly Experiment Grade

%25%25%50

• Preparation Report • Experiment Performance • Experiment Report

Midterm Grade
Average of the 8 weekly experiment grades

Final
Project presentation (oral) + written final: each student explains their own project on paper

Experiments and Experiment Supervisors

Experiment	Experiment Title	Experiment Supervisor
Experiment 1	A/D Converters, D/A Converters	Res. Asst. Dr. Serkan VELA
Experiment 2	PWM Modulators, PWM Demodulators	Res. Asst. Dr. Serkan VELA
Experiment 3	FSK Modulators, FSK Demodulators	Res. Asst. Mehmet Emin KOBYA
Experiment 4	Frequency Synthesizer	Res. Asst. Mehmet Emin KOBYA
Experiment 5	ASK System	Res. Asst. Berke ERMİŞ
Experiment 6	PSK/QPSK System	Res. Asst. Berke ERMİŞ
Experiment 7	TDM/PAM	Rotating (specified in the weekly schedule)
Experiment 8	Frequency Division Multiplexing	Rotating (specified in the weekly schedule)

Experiment Schedule (Fall Semester 2026-2027 – Thursday)

Week	Session	Experiment 1	Experiment 2	Experiment 3	Experiment 4	Experiment 5	Experiment 6	Experiment 7	Experiment 8
Week 1 01.10.2026	15:00-15:45	–	G5	G6	G1	G2	G3	–	G4
	16:00-16:45	–	G11	G12	G7	G8	G9	–	G10
	Supervisor		Serkan VELA	Mehmet Emin KOBYA	Mehmet Emin KOBYA	Berke ERMİŞ	Berke ERMİŞ		Serkan VELA
Week 2 08.10.2026	15:00-15:45	G6	G3	–	G4	G5	–	G2	G1
	16:00-16:45	G12	G9	–	G10	G11	–	G8	G7
	Supervisor	Serkan VELA	Serkan VELA		Mehmet Emin KOBYA	Berke ERMİŞ		Berke ERMİŞ	Mehmet Emin KOBYA
Week 3 15.10.2026	15:00-15:45	G4	–	G3	G5	G6	G2	G1	–
	16:00-16:45	G10	–	G9	G11	G12	G8	G7	–
	Supervisor	Serkan VELA		Mehmet Emin KOBYA	Mehmet Emin KOBYA	Berke ERMİŞ	Berke ERMİŞ	Serkan VELA
Week 4 22.10.2026	15:00-15:45	G2	G6	G1	–	–	G5	G4	G3
	16:00-16:45	G8	G12	G7	–	–	G11	G10	G9
	Supervisor	Serkan VELA	Serkan VELA	Mehmet Emin KOBYA			Berke ERMİŞ	Berke ERMİŞ	Mehmet Emin KOBYA
Week 5 05.11.2026	15:00-15:45	G3	G4	G5	G6	–	G1	–	G2
	16:00-16:45	G9	G10	G11	G12	–	G7	–	G8
	Supervisor	Serkan VELA	Serkan VELA	Mehmet Emin KOBYA	Mehmet Emin KOBYA		Berke ERMİŞ		Berke ERMİŞ
Week 6 12.11.2026	15:00-15:45	–	G2	G4	–	G1	G6	G3	G5
	16:00-16:45	–	G8	G10	–	G7	G12	G9	G11
	Supervisor		Serkan VELA	Mehmet Emin KOBYA		Berke ERMİŞ	Berke ERMİŞ	Mehmet Emin KOBYA	Serkan VELA
Week 7 26.11.2026	15:00-15:45	G5	G1	–	G2	G3	G4	G6	–
	16:00-16:45	G11	G7	–	G8	G9	G10	G12	–
	Supervisor	Serkan VELA	Serkan VELA		Mehmet Emin KOBYA	Berke ERMİŞ	Berke ERMİŞ	Mehmet Emin KOBYA
Week 8 03.12.2026	15:00-15:45	G1	–	G2	G3	G4	–	G5	G6
	16:00-16:45	G7	–	G8	G9	G10	–	G11	G12
	Supervisor	Serkan VELA		Mehmet Emin KOBYA	Mehmet Emin KOBYA	Berke ERMİŞ		Serkan VELA	Berke ERMİŞ

The colors indicate the supervisor of the experiment at that bench: Res. Asst. Dr. Serkan VELA Res. Asst. Mehmet Emin KOBYA Res. Asst. Berke ERMİŞ

No experiments will be held on 29.10.2026 (Republic Day) and 19.11.2026 (Midterm Exam Week).

Experiment Order by Group

Group	Session	Week 1 01.10.2026	Week 2 08.10.2026	Week 3 15.10.2026	Week 4 22.10.2026	Week 5 05.11.2026	Week 6 12.11.2026	Week 7 26.11.2026	Week 8 03.12.2026
G1	15:00-15:45	Experiment 4	Experiment 8	Experiment 7	Experiment 3	Experiment 6	Experiment 5	Experiment 2	Experiment 1
G2	15:00-15:45	Experiment 5	Experiment 7	Experiment 6	Experiment 1	Experiment 8	Experiment 2	Experiment 4	Experiment 3
G3	15:00-15:45	Experiment 6	Experiment 2	Experiment 3	Experiment 8	Experiment 1	Experiment 7	Experiment 5	Experiment 4
G4	15:00-15:45	Experiment 8	Experiment 4	Experiment 1	Experiment 7	Experiment 2	Experiment 3	Experiment 6	Experiment 5
G5	15:00-15:45	Experiment 2	Experiment 5	Experiment 4	Experiment 6	Experiment 3	Experiment 8	Experiment 1	Experiment 7
G6	15:00-15:45	Experiment 3	Experiment 1	Experiment 5	Experiment 2	Experiment 4	Experiment 6	Experiment 7	Experiment 8
G7	16:00-16:45	Experiment 4	Experiment 8	Experiment 7	Experiment 3	Experiment 6	Experiment 5	Experiment 2	Experiment 1
G8	16:00-16:45	Experiment 5	Experiment 7	Experiment 6	Experiment 1	Experiment 8	Experiment 2	Experiment 4	Experiment 3
G9	16:00-16:45	Experiment 6	Experiment 2	Experiment 3	Experiment 8	Experiment 1	Experiment 7	Experiment 5	Experiment 4
G10	16:00-16:45	Experiment 8	Experiment 4	Experiment 1	Experiment 7	Experiment 2	Experiment 3	Experiment 6	Experiment 5
G11	16:00-16:45	Experiment 2	Experiment 5	Experiment 4	Experiment 6	Experiment 3	Experiment 8	Experiment 1	Experiment 7
G12	16:00-16:45	Experiment 3	Experiment 1	Experiment 5	Experiment 2	Experiment 4	Experiment 6	Experiment 7	Experiment 8

Groups

In accordance with the protection of personal data (KVKK), student numbers do not appear in the lists and surnames are abbreviated. If you are unsure about your group, please consult the experiment supervisors.

G115:00-15:45

Berke K.
Eren A.
Muhammed Ali T.
Muhammed Doğukan Ç.

G215:00-15:45

İlayda K.
Kerem T.
Muhammed Emre P.
Salih D.

G315:00-15:45

Batuhan Ç.
Duygu Ş.
Sefa D.
Serdar M.

G415:00-15:45

Melek Mukadder Ç.
Sinan İ.
Yunus Emir T.
Yusuf K.

G515:00-15:45

Cennet D.
Islombek P.
Mahmut Sami P.
Mustafa Nasuhi C.

G615:00-15:45

Ayşenur N.
Bedri D.
Onur B.
Talha Mert E.

G716:00-16:45

Ahmet Mert K.
Azra Nur Ş.
Furkan K.
Hamza Nazmi E.

G816:00-16:45

Berat Berke P.
Duygu T.
Muhammed Cemal Ö.
Sümeyye Y.

G916:00-16:45

Burhan Ç.
Gurbet Nisanur C.
Oğuzcan A.
Ömer Faruk K.

G1016:00-16:45

Furkan Bülent Ç.
Hayrunnisa U.
Mehmet Ö.
Serkan D.

G1116:00-16:45

Arda D.
Bahadır G.
Enes Y.
Nevzat Berke B.

G1216:00-16:45

Mert Deniz K.
Tarık T.
Uğur G.
Umut Can S.
Yunus Kerem Ö.

Project Assignment Topics

⏱ You can start the project now | Due: Thursday, December 24, 2026

No	Project	Related Experiment	What to Do	Main Materials	Laboratory Measurement / Support	Cost
1	PWM Modulator with 555 and Demodulator with Low-Pass Filter	2	A PWM signal is generated with a triangle/sawtooth wave and a comparator; the message is recovered with an RC/active LPF. Input and output are compared on the oscilloscope.	NE555, LM358, pot, R/C	• Oscilloscope • Arbitrary waveform generator • KL-900A (reference module)	₺
2	Audio Transmission over Light with PWM	2	The audio signal is converted to PWM and transmitted with an LED; it is received with a phototransistor, filtered, and played through a speaker. The relationship between distance and signal quality is measured.	NE555, LM358, LM386, LED, phototransistor, small speaker	• Oscilloscope • Arbitrary waveform generator	₺
3	XR2206 FSK Modulator and PLL (CD4046) FSK Demodulator	3	Digital data is encoded into two frequencies; it is decoded with a CD4046 PLL and converted to bits with a comparator. The result is compared with the FSK output of the arbitrary waveform generator.	XR2206, CD4046, LM311, R/C	• Oscilloscope • Arbitrary waveform generator (FSK mode) • KL-900A (reference module)	₺
4	PLL-Based Frequency Multiplier / Synthesizer	4	A frequency N times the reference is generated with a CD4046 PLL and a divider in the feedback path; the lock/capture range and spectral purity are measured.	CD4046, CD4017 or 74HC4040, 555 (reference), DIP switch	• Oscilloscope + FFT • DDS function generator (reference) • KL-900A (reference module)	₺
5	Crystal Oscillator and Frequency Divider Chain	4	Clock signals down to 1 Hz are generated from a crystal oscillator with binary dividers; the division ratios and frequency stability are measured.	74HC4060, 32.768 kHz crystal, 74HC74, LED	• Oscilloscope • Multimeter (frequency)	₺
6	OOK/ASK Transmitter and Receiver with Envelope Detector	5	A 555 carrier is switched on and off by the data with a CD4066; the data is recovered with a diode + RC envelope detector and a comparator.	NE555, CD4066, 1N4148, LM311, R/C	• Oscilloscope • Arbitrary waveform generator • KL-900A (reference module)	₺
7	Infrared (IR) ASK Data Link	5	An IR LED is driven with a 38 kHz carrier; the data is decoded with a TSOP receiver. The error is measured as a function of range and angle.	NE555, IR LED, TSOP38238, transistor	• Oscilloscope	₺
8	Wireless Data Transmission with a 433 MHz ASK RF Module	5	Text/sensor data is transferred with an ASK transmitter/receiver module pair; the transmitter spectrum and the error rate versus distance are measured.	FS1000A + XY-MK-5V module pair, Arduino	• Spectrum analyzer (433 MHz) • Oscilloscope • Arduino UNO	₺₺
9	433 MHz Quarter-Wave / Helical Antenna Design and Measurement	5	Quarter-wave and helical antennas are built from copper wire for the ASK module; S11 (reflection) is measured with a VNA and the length is tuned, and the range is compared with the case without an antenna.	Copper wire, SMA connector, FS1000A module	• Vector network analyzer (S11) • Spectrum analyzer • RF signal generator	₺
10	BPSK Modulator with XOR Gate and Coherent Demodulator	6	BPSK is generated by XORing the carrier with the data; the data is recovered with the same carrier using XOR + LPF. Phase transitions and the spectrum are displayed.	74HC86, NE555, 74HC74, LM358	• Oscilloscope + FFT • KL-900A (reference module)	₺
11	Waveform Generator with R-2R Ladder DAC	1	Sine/triangle/sawtooth waves are generated with an 8-bit R-2R network; an op-amp buffer and LPF are added, and the steps and harmonics are measured.	Resistors (1%), LM358, Arduino or 74HC393 counter	• Oscilloscope + FFT • Multimeter • Arduino UNO	₺
12	Analog-to-Digital Converter with ADC0804 and LED Display	1	The voltage is converted to 8 bits and displayed with LEDs; the quantization step and linearity are measured with a multimeter.	ADC0804, 8 LEDs, pot, R/C	• Multimeter • DC power supply • KL-900A (reference module)	₺
13	3-Bit Flash ADC with Comparators	1	A thermometer code is produced with a resistor ladder and 7 comparators, and a 3-bit binary code is produced with a priority encoder.	2× LM339, 74HC148, resistors, LED	• Multimeter • Arbitrary waveform generator (ramp input) • Oscilloscope	₺
14	4-Channel TDM/PAM Multiplexer and Demultiplexer	7	Four analog channels are carried on a single line in a time-shared manner with a CD4051; at the receiver they are separated with a second CD4051 and a common clock, then filtered.	2× CD4051, CD4017 or 74HC393, NE555, LM358	• Oscilloscope • Arbitrary waveform generator + DDS function generator (channel inputs) • KL-900A (reference module)	₺
15	Sample-and-Hold Circuit and Aliasing Demonstration	7	A sample-and-hold circuit is built with a CD4066 + capacitor; by varying the sampling frequency, the Nyquist limit and aliasing are demonstrated in the FFT.	CD4066, LM358, NE555, film capacitor	• Oscilloscope + FFT • Arbitrary waveform generator	₺
16	Two-Channel Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)	8	Two tones are mixed with two carriers and summed; the channels are separated with active band-pass filters and the spectra are compared.	2× NE555 or XR2206, CD4066, LM358 (active BPF)	• Oscilloscope + FFT • Arbitrary waveform generator • LCR meter (filter components)	₺
17	Digital Data Transmission over Plastic Optical Fiber (POF)	5 / 3	OOK data is transmitted over 1 mm plastic fiber with a red LED and a phototransistor; the fiber length–attenuation relationship and bandwidth are measured.	Red LED, phototransistor, 1–2 m POF cable, LM358	• KL-95001 fiber optic kit (for comparison) • Oscilloscope	₺
18	Manchester Encoder and Decoder	General	NRZ data is converted to Manchester code by XORing it with the clock; in the decoder, the clock is recovered with a D flip-flop and the data is decoded.	74HC86, 74HC74, NE555	• Oscilloscope • KL-900A (reference module) (Manchester module)	₺
19	Delta Modulator (DM) and Demodulator	General	1-bit delta modulation with a comparator + D flip-flop + RC integrator; slope overload and granular noise are observed.	LM311, 74HC74, NE555, LM358, R/C	• Oscilloscope • Arbitrary waveform generator • KL-900A (reference module) (CVSD module)	₺
20	PRBS Generator with LFSR and Eye Diagram	General	A PRBS is generated with a shift register + XOR; it is passed through an RC channel and an eye diagram is obtained on the oscilloscope.	74HC164, 74HC86, NE555, R/C	• Oscilloscope (persistence mode)	₺
21	Hamming (7,4) Error-Correcting Encoder / Decoder	General	A 7-bit code word is generated with XOR gates; at the receiver the syndrome is computed and a single-bit error is indicated with an LED and corrected.	3–4× 74HC86, DIP switch, LED, 74HC138	• KL-22001 training set (logic switch/LED)	₺
22	DTMF Keypad Encoder / Decoder	General	Key tones are decoded with an MT8870 module and the 4-bit code is shown on a 7-segment display; the tones are also tested with the arbitrary waveform generator.	MT8870 DTMF module, 7-segment + CD4511	• Arbitrary waveform generator (two-tone test) • Oscilloscope FFT	₺₺
23	UART Serial Communication and Line Codes (NRZ/RZ/AMI)	General	The same bit sequence is generated in different line codes; for AMI, a bipolar output is obtained with an op-amp, and the spectra are compared.	Arduino, LM358	• Oscilloscope + FFT • Arduino UNO • DC power supply (±12 V)	₺

Cost: ₺ = integrated circuits + passive components only; ₺₺ = additionally a ready-made module or your own Arduino board. Breadboards, measurement instruments, and power supplies are available in the laboratory.
Project groups consist of 2–4 people; a partner may be chosen from outside the laboratory group, and each student may be in only one group.
Groups and topics are selected on the Project Groups page: you sign in with your student number, and the login code is sent to your student e-mail. One person creates the group and the others join with the invitation code. A topic on the list can be taken by at most 2 groups; availability is shown live on the page. Groups and topics can be changed until November 20, 2026.
Groups may also choose their own topics that are not on the list; a self-selected topic is finalized provided that the instructor approves it.
The laboratory instruments below can be used for project development, measurement, and presentation; please make an appointment with the relevant research assistant before use.
Report: the circuit schematic, simulation, PCB, photographs of the working circuit, oscilloscope/spectrum measurements taken in the laboratory, and the bill of materials are uploaded to Classroom as a PDF.

Laboratory Facilities (Project Support)

📈 Oscilloscope (70 MHz, 2 channels, FFT)

A4 TECH ADS 3072B

Waveform, timing, and FFT measurements for all projects

〜 Arbitrary Waveform Generator (10 MHz)

A4 TECH AWG-1010

Test signal; AM/FM/FSK-modulated reference

〜 DDS Function Generator (3 MHz)

GW Instek SFG-1003

Sine/square/triangle test signal, TTL clock

📶 Spectrum Analyzer (150 kHz – 3 GHz)

GW Instek GSP-730

433 MHz transmitter spectrum, harmonics

📡 RF Signal Generators

Aim-TTi TGR2053, Siglent SSG3021X

RF test signal, ASK/OOK/FSK reference

🛰 Vector Network Analyzer (6 GHz)

PicoVNA

Antenna S11 and impedance matching measurement

💡 Fiber Optic Experiment Kit

K&H KL-95001

POF/glass fiber, comparison with LED–laser source

📦 Basic Communication Experiment Set

K&H KL-900A

Reference comparison of the design with the experiment modules

🔌 DC Power Supplies

A4 TECH ADC-3303D; KL-22001 (±5 / ±12 V)

Project power supply, dual-rail supply for op-amps

📏 Multimeter and LCR Meter

Brymen BM805s, Lutron LCR-9183

Voltage/current, R-L-C value measurement

💻 Arduino UNO R3

Arduino

Use during development and testing

🔥 Soldering Station and 3D Printer

Prolink P48II, Creality Ender 3 V3 Plus

PCB assembly, project enclosure printing

📋
Laboratory Notification and Acknowledgment Form
Laboratory rules and safety instructions

Experiment Sheets

EXPERIMENT 1

A/D Converters, D/A Converters

🗎 A/D Converters 🗎 D/A Converters

👤 Res. Asst. Dr. Serkan VELA

EXPERIMENT 2

PWM Modulators, PWM Demodulators

🗎 PWM Modulators 🗎 PWM Demodulators

👤 Res. Asst. Dr. Serkan VELA

EXPERIMENT 3

FSK Modulators, FSK Demodulators

🗎 FSK Modulators 🗎 FSK Demodulators

👤 Res. Asst. Mehmet Emin KOBYA

EXPERIMENT 4

Frequency Synthesizer

🗎 Frequency Synthesizer

👤 Res. Asst. Mehmet Emin KOBYA

EXPERIMENT 5

ASK System

🗎 ASK System

👤 Res. Asst. Berke ERMİŞ

EXPERIMENT 6

PSK/QPSK System

🗎 PSK/QPSK System

👤 Res. Asst. Berke ERMİŞ

EXPERIMENT 7

TDM/PAM

🗎 TDM/PAM

👤 Alternating

EXPERIMENT 8

Frequency Division Multiplexing

🗎 Frequency Division Multiplexing

👤 Alternating

Digital Communication Laboratory

Erişilebilirlik

Dil Seçenekleri

Renk Körlüğü Filtreleri

Arka Plan ve Kontrast

Yazı ve Metin

Okuma Araçları